Sunday, April 12, 2009

Final post of EG1471

By now I have studied in NUS for almost one year. I found that there are lots of differences between studies in university and polytechnic. The language level in university is very high, and the writing skills are necessary and quite often used to better express my idea in the report. The difficulties that I have faced when I write reports for my labs and projects include the limitation of vocabulary and organization of sentences.

As a Chinese student, my vocabulary is limited so that sometimes I cannot fully or correctly express my idea in the report. The readers may feel confused because of my wrong word using. Now this situation becomes better since through the one year study in university, we learnt professional vocabulary from the particular module and try to apply the professional language into the report. However, in the university class, the lecturers prefer to talk more knowledge that relevant but beyond our notes in order to wider our view. So I need to continue improving my vocabulary in future to have high efficiency of gaining knowledge from class.

Sometimes when writing a report, we prefer to express more information using fewer sentences. It always causes confusion on understanding when the tutor read it. This situation has improved since I take EG1471 module. During this module, we learnt the structure of a sentence and how to correct sentence to prevent confusion or meaning confliction. It is quite useful. Now, I like to show my meaning using some short and clear sentence in stead of a long sentence. My idea is shown clearer and more convenient to read.

Now we are coming to the end of this semester, although I will finish the English module shortly, I will continue doing some exercises, writing and reading more articles to improve my writing skills in future.

Saturday, April 4, 2009

My common grammar mistakes

I started to learn English from the primary school already. But during writing an English article, there are sill some common mistakes when I write a sentence .

1. Wrong word or wrong word form
It is caused due to the careless of tense, or unfamiliar with phrases. There are some examples coming from my writing assignments:
1a. Nuclear energy is considered as a clean energy since it does not generated greenhouse gases. (Wrong)
1b. Nuclear energy is considered as a clean energy since it does not generate greenhouse gases. (Correct)
The verb behind ‘does’ should use its original form.
2a. This is not an accident due to the human activity but the natural geology movement. (Wrong)
2b. This is not an accident due to the human activity but the natural geological movement. (Correct)
Here ‘geology’ is supposed to be a adjective, so we need to change it to ‘geological’.
3a. Because we need to be responsible to the public, environment and even our further generation. (Wrong)
3b. Because we need to be responsible to the public, environment and even our future generation. (Correct)
In this case, I misuse the word ‘further’ since it normally expresses the long distance. To express the time distance, we need to use the word ‘future’.

2. Article
I always miss the article ‘the’ or add an extra ‘the’ in my article.
1a. Nuclear power is a technology to release the internal energy through nuclear reaction. (Wrong)
1b. Nuclear power is a technology to release internal energy through nuclear reaction. (Correct)
In my article, ‘internal energy’ is firstly mentioned here, and ‘through nuclear reaction’ is further express the meaning of ‘internal energy’, so ‘the’ is not needed here.
2a. However, high cost of CCS is still the truth. (Wrong)
2b. However, the high cost of CCS is still the truth. (Correct)
Here, ‘high cost’ is used to specific express the cost of CCS, so ‘the’ is needed in front of ‘high cost’.

3. Subject-verb agreement
When dealing with long sentence, it is easy to make a subject-verb disagreement.
1a. However, it is considered effective because fewer nuclear fuel are needed to produce the same amount of electricity. (Wrong)
1b. However, it is considered effective because less nuclear fuel is needed to produce the same amount of electricity. (Correct)
Here the subject ‘nuclear fuel’ is not countable, so we need to use ‘less’ instead of ‘fewer’; to make the agreement with subject, we need to use ‘is’ instead of ‘are’.

In conclusion, there is still a long distance for me to proficiently writing proper English. More practices are necessary to let me overcome the weakness.

Saturday, March 14, 2009

Summery of round table discussion

Group1: the discussion is about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel.
The supporting side showed their agreement of deploying biodiesel. They explained that, biodiesel is non-petroleum-based diesel fuel making from vegetable oils or soya beans etc. The benefits of Biodiesel are renewable, safety to store and low pollution for environment.
The opposing side disagree the spread use of biodiesel because, it is harmful for the engine of the car. If we totally replace the petrol biodiesel, the horsepower will not sufficient.
The opposing side also pointed out that, since the biodiesel comes from food crops, the wider use of biodiesel may cause the lack of food, and some countries like Singapore do not have environmental condition to plant food for biodiesel purpose. Due to this opinion, the supporting side rebutted that, countries like Singapore can get the biodiesel material from other countries, and in some countries, the government has the right to control what type of crops should be planted on the land. If biodiesel is supported by the government, more policies will be established by government to ensure the sufficiency of food crop for biodiesel use.

Group2: The discussion is about whether Singapore is suitable for Green Chemistry deployment.
The supporting side explained their view mainly from technical benefits. They showed that Green Chemistry is renewable and reduce the pollution of environment. They held an example of biodegradable plastic which made from biomass. The benefits of biodegradable plastic are that it is renewable, safe, and more efficiency on manufacturing and waste conversion. As time goes on, it tends to replace the normal plastic.
The opposing side opposed mainly from economical part. They explained that Green Chemistry technology is very expensive to apply, and in Singapore, government does not give enough financial support for small companies who are willing to apply Green Chemistry.

Group 3: The topic of group3 discussion is about genetic engineering: whether government should regulate the parents to choose their baby’s gene.
The supporting side pointed out that, parents’ high expectation to their children is understandable, and they have right to expect what kind of person their child become to and what gender the baby is to be. Instead of focusing on parents’ rights, the opposing side declared the children’s right also. If gene can be decided by parents, children themselves will not choose their way of growing, they may be forced to do what they don’t interested in. For gender selection, the opposing side pointed out that, it may result the sex imbalance of population. But the supporting side showed his disagreement that, once the gene engineering deployed, a self-regulation will be formed by the society itself, like not all the family will not to have a boy since he will difficult to find a job or get married.
Supporting side also showed that, gene selection can also prevent some congenital diseases which may endanger the life of baby. To rebut this point, opposing side explained that, although some known diseases may be prevented by gene engineering, the change of gene may lead to more uncertain disease coming out, and we may not able to handle them.

Saturday, February 28, 2009

Climate change mitigation--Summarize of two reading materials related to WA2 Q4

Summery:
The article ‘Going underground’ by Mark Schrope, a freelance science writer based in Florida, discussed about the feasibility of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, and held some pilot studies which focused on how to monitor the carbon dioxide storage sites.
CCS technology is promised viability by its proponents, but there are still worries from public about the stability of the storage. Before moving the technology to wider pilot study and finally apply it, we need to enhance the technology to make sure that it is stable and effective. The article introduced a precise and effective method that used to monitor the buried carbon dioxide, called ‘gravity measurement’. It is not a new technology, but applied to track the spread of seawater into a natural gas field for a few years. The principle of the technology is that the density of seawater and carbon dioxide are difference, so that different gravity forces are generated by different layers. According to record the gravity changing at one spot, we can get the movement of carbon dioxide layer. Comparing with seismic survey, gravity measurement is more cheap and low risk for marine life.
The equipment for gravity measurement is gravimeter, which is proved sufficient accurate through a certain volume of carbon dioxide monitor. Since the gravity measurement varies with location, measurements of surrounding location are necessary to get a precise changing of carbon dioxide layer underground.

The second article ‘Warming Sign’ written by Mohan Munasinghe, vice chair of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and chair of the Munasinghe Institute for Development in Colombo Sri Lanka, shows the situation of climate change at present, and suggest the reaction that governments should do. He analyze the Clean Development Mechanism held from Kyoto Protocol and pointed out that it may lack of equity and burden sharing between developed country and developing country, because their emission level are different, and they are emphasizing different problem during their development at present. He introduced ‘sustainomics’ in order to suggest the government to find the proper role when handle with the climate problem.

Evaluation:
In the first article, author showed his confident of CCS technology, according to the study of certain volume of carbon dioxide movement stored underground. At the same time, he also pointed out the attitudes of researchers and policy coordinator: since the movement of larger volume of carbon dioxide has not been studied yet, it is too early to affirm the stability of CCS technology.
The second article analyzes the ‘psychology’ of different countries. It is helpful to analyze the different reaction of people from different country due to a same climate change mitigation technology.

APA citation:
In the first article, the author numbered the position where he got the information from other place, and gave the references at the end of the article.
In the second article,

Relevant vocabulary words:
Geology—the science of the earth, including the composition, structure and origin of the rocks. It is essential and useful during the process of Carbon Capture and Storage.
Seismic measurement—produce an image of the Earth’s subsurface using reflected sound waves. Gravimeter—equipment that can measure changes in gravity through the compression or expansion of a spring with a weight attached to the bottom.
Clean Development Mechanism—it permits the industrial countries transfer part of the obligations to reduce emissions to other nations in exchange for payment.
Sustainomics—make development more sustainable, balancing environment with social, economic.

Sunday, February 1, 2009

Summary of lecture on 30th January

On 30th January, 3 distinguished lectures were invited to give us a speech so that we can further understand the effects of global warming and energy problems after watching the movie ‘An Inconvenient Truth’. And we have also seen that governments and scientists are trying to face the global warming scientifically.

Professor Andrew C. Palmer, who comes from Centre for offshore research & Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, showed us his idea of technology and politics of carbon dioxide capture and storage. He concluded what actions should be taken for both government and individuals if climate change is happen, for example switch to alternative energy sources from coal to gas, nuclear, solar or biomass fuels, save the energy during our daily lives etc. His proposal of capture and store carbon dioxide is really interesting and attractive. He proposed that CO2 can be stored into depleted oil or gas field rather than dumped it into atmosphere, or liquid CO2 can be stored on the bottom of ocean by putting it into a membrane in order to prevent the biological effect, because CO2 could make ocean more acid. Professor finally concluded that carbon capture and storage is technically feasible, but whether it actually can happen depends on political will and the corporation between organizations and countries.

Dr Benjamin K. Sovacool, coming from Science & Technology Studies, tried to prove his point that economic, educational, legal, administrative and technical elements formed a seamless system, and STS is used to analyze how society and technology influent each other. He presented two cases, renewable power and electric vehicles, and analyzed the technical, economic, political and cultural challenges for new technologies. He finally summarized that, no technological system is truly self sustaining, and also showed us how powerful the STS method is when applying it to evaluate new technologies. The presentation is amazing because we become so realize that, to successfully applying a new technology, we need to consider much more beyond technical problem only.

The associate professor from Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dr Rajasekhar Bala, gave us a presentation about Assessment and Mitigation of Climate Change. He stated the potential consequences of enhanced global warming and options to deal with climate change, at last he also mentioned the duties of both government and our personal.

It is a long term issue to fight for global warming and we need to find suitable techniques to solve it; it is not a simple issue also to balance the global warming solutions and economic development. We need the cooperation between countries, as well as the understanding and support from the public.

Thursday, January 29, 2009

An inconvenient truth

"You look at that river gently flowing by. You notice the leaves rustling with the wind. You hear the birds; you hear the tree frogs. In the distance you hear a cow. You feel the grass. The mud gives a little bit on the river bank. It’s quiet; it’s peaceful. And all of a sudden, it’s a gear shift inside you. And it’s like taking a deep breath and going... Oh yeah, I forgot about this."

—Al Gore in the opening monologue of An Inconvenient Truth


The movie ‘An Inconvenient Truth’, presented by former United States Vice President Al Gore, shown us the planetary emergency of global warming. It causes many serious facts that influence our human life now. The sea level keeps on increasing due to the melting of the ice in two poles of the earth. 40% of people in the world get their drinking water from rivers and spring systems that are fed more than half by the melt water coming off the glaciers. Due to the fast melting speed, we will face the world-wide water shortage soon. Besides, global warming not only increases precipitation worldwide, but it also relocates the precipitation, paradoxically causes not only more flooding at some places, but also more drought at other places. Much more than these, global warming is seriously threatening our human being.

To reduce the problem of global warming, governments are playing the most important role in global warming today. Global Warming is not just national problem, it is a global problem. As we know, the greenhouse gases thicken the layer of atmosphere, so that more of the outgoing infrared reflected of the sun is trapped, and the atmosphere heats up worldwide. There are policies enacted by many countries in order to control the emission of greenhouse gas.

In China, the government published "Reply to Climate Change in China" in 2007, which made clear by the year 2010 in response to climate change targets, priority areas and policies. To reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, the government developed much new energy like hydropower, nuclear power, wind energy and methane. From 2000 to 2008, China's wind power capacity increased from 340,000 kilowatts to 10,000,000 kilowatts; hydropower capacity also raised from 7,935,000 kilowatts to 163,000,000 kilowatts. Another strategy is trying to achieve an efficient use of the traditional resources. From 2000 to 2008, the government eliminated 46.59 million tons of outdated iron smelting and 37.47 million tons of steel production capacities in order to save energy. Besides, the natural forests are extremely protected to enhance the capacity of absorbing greenhouse gases. By 2008, the coverage area of forests in China has increases 4.29% comparing with 8 years before.

Nowadays in China, the total consumption of resources keeps decreasing year by year. And more and more citizens realize the serious of environment protection also. On the 11th of December, 1997, countries from around the world gathered in Kyoto, Japan and the Protocol was negotiated. If the agreed levels are reached, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced to a level of at least 5% below the 1990 levels in the commitment period of 2008 to 2012. Although there was not specific requirements of greenhouse gases emission for developing countries, as a family member of the whole world, we have the duty to take care of the earth for ourselves and for our later generations.
References:

Monday, January 19, 2009

Keep ‘engineering’ in progress

The traditional scope of engineers has been broadened. Nowadays, Engineering is no longer just means building high buildings or repairing the water pipes, but contributing in every sector of society. No one doubts that, systematical, critical and innovative thinking are the requirements to become an engineer. Thanks to the improved education of engineering comparing with before, the engineering graduates become more creative, brave for the new technologies, calm and professional when facing to the complex situations. Besides, to become more practical and keep themselves ‘fresh’, engineers are always concentrating on the latest problems rising from other area of the modern society, not only focusing on the traditional.

The abilities of thinking systematically and critical start to be trained when students study in the university. By the large number of practice in solving mathematics, physics or chemical, students are required to be more systematical, logical and comprehensive. By a plenty of software practices and scenario analysis, the theories are more visible and practical. Day by day, an engineering characteristic is formed: Calmly analyze the problem, divide the whole problem into pieces and find out the root, get solutions and integrate them, and finally implement and improve the solution.

As the definition of ‘engineering’ becomes wider, more people are working in non-traditional engineering field. Although they may doing the job unrelated with their major in the college, people still can handle it because engineering thinking are widely applied beyond engineering area. This application also brings back more creative ideas and feedback to the engineers, so that engineering thinking will be continuously implemented and expanded.

In today’s world, it is necessary to improve our view of engineering spirit. Not only thinking theoretically, systematically and logically, but also be more passive, motivated and flexible. It is another powerful hand to help engineers keep developing in future.